The invasion of the Mongols, who sack Baghdad. The Abbasid capital of Baghdad was a global center of learning. How did the question of leadership influence the development of Islam and the Muslim world? Tayeb El-Hibri expertly narrates the political history and cultural . Wells of Power - Olaf Caroe 1951 Medieval England - Paul E. Szarmach 1998 endobj Baghdad was strategically located between Asia and Europe, which made it a prime spot on overland trade routes between the two continents. "Successor"; civic and religious leader of an Islamic state, called "Caliphate.". A new city removed his people from troubles in partisan regions and housed an expanding bureaucracy. For the first time, the caliphate was not coterminous with Islam. He declared himself the new caliph and established the Abbasid Caliphate in the newly built city of Baghdad. Its reign did not last, as surrounding caliphs grew and absorbed its lands, and the brutal Mongol conquering of Baghdad threatened even the legacy of its achievements. Who was the real founder of Abbasid dynasty? The Islamic mathematical principles are derived from pieces of other culture mathematics like Greek and Hindu math. "Abu Ja'far al Mansur." Extraordinary achievements were made in architecture and arts in general. He studied economy, sociology, public policy, and history and worked as a researcher for think tanks and consulting firms. This is when the Abbasid caliphate began. They accepted the faith as exemplified by the visitors, traders, and settlers from Arabia. Centuries of scholarly works had been destroyed, marking not only the end of the Abbasid Caliphate but of the Islamic Golden Age entirely. The rapprochement of ancient philosophy with Islamic religious teaching was one of the key challenges for Muslim philosophers. Doctor and philosopher Avicenna wrote the. Economic decline: The Abbasid Caliphates economic power began to decline in the 10th century. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". endobj Abu Ja'far al Mansur was noted for establishing the Abbasid caliphate. Since much support for the Abbasids came from Persian converts, it was natural for the Abbasids to take over much of the Persian (Sasanian) tradition of government. The Abbasid rulers kept their attention on these scholarly pursuits, eager to integrate discoveries into military expeditions and shows of courtly power. /Metadata 50 0 R Although these troops were converted to Islam, the base of imperial unity through religion was gone, and some of the new army officers quickly learned to control the caliphate through assassination of any caliph who would not accede to their demands. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. What are some examples of how providers can receive incentives? Fascinated by this technology, Arabs built a first paper mill in Samarkand, modern-day Uzbekistan. Al Mansur established his capital at Baghdad, which he named the City of Peace. what did they adopt from these people?, what did the Abbasids do to the high class Arabs? Looking at Adani crisis from a valuation experts viewpoint, Bangladeshs Relations with India with Change of Government in New Delhi An Analysis, The 10 most powerful countries in the world, Exploring Japans Missile Counterstrikes Capabilities, India,Bangladesh de-dollarization initiative, Abbasid Caliphate: History, timeline, achievements, decline, Rise of the Fourth Reich, Summary and Review, Chinas response to decoupling, explained, The Declassification Engine, Summary and Review. Between 750 and 833 the Abbasids raised the prestige and power of the empire, promoting commerce, industry, arts, and science, particularly during the reigns of al-Manr, Hrn al-Rashd, and al-Mamn. History for Kids >> Early Islamic World. How did the Abbasid Dynasty start? True or False: The reign of the Abbasid Dynasty in the Middle East coincides with the duration of the Islamic Golden Age. 0Wj }= Converting enemies with Abbasid Dynasty requires building the house of wisdom, and then building the culture wing from within the house of wisdom. Ranging widely to survey the entire five-century history of the Abbasid dynasty, Tayeb El-Hibri examines the resilience of the Caliphate as an institution, as a focal point of religious definitions, and as a source of legitimacy to various contemporary Islamic monarchies. In 1055 the Abbasids were overpowered by the Seljuqs, who took what temporal power may have been left to the caliph but respected his position as the titular leader, restoring the authority of the caliphate, especially during the reigns of al-Mustarshid (111835), al-Muqtaf, and al-Nir. Rallied under their leader, the Prophet Muhammed, in the 7th century, the Arabs (mainly under the Umayyad Caliphate) pressed deep into western territories. After destroying the collection of the Library of Baghdad by tossing thousands of books into the nearby Tigris River, people reportedly saw the river turn black with ink. Baghdad was centrally located between Europe and Asia and was an important area for trade and exchanges of ideas. What famous European ruler visited Baghdad in the Abbasid Caliphate in the early 9th century? Despite the Abbasid Dynasty's diminishing political power, its undeniable influence on the world mark it as a golden age of advancement in the Islamic world. In 750 AD, Abu al-Abbas al-Saffah, the leader of the Abbasid forces, defeated the Umayyads in the Battle of the Zab. Abbasid rule also saw the emergence of great intellectuals such as Al-Kindi, Al-Farabi, and Ibn Sina, better known as Avicenna in the West. A major difference between the two dynasties lies in their attitude towards Muslims and non Muslims. Persian elites seized Baghdad and established control over the Abbasid claim to power and turned caliphs into figure heads What was the final cause of the decline of the Abbasid Empire (last straw) Mongols extinguished Islamic Control over the region and ended the reign of the Abbasid Caliphate Under the reign of leaders such as Al-Mamun and Harun al-Rashid, the Abbasid Caliphate bloomed to its full potential from 775 to 861. endobj Great advances were made in many areas of science, mathematics, and medicine. The Abbasid Dynasty made significant contributions to Islamic civilization and the world at large. The Abbasid Dynasty existed between the years 750 and 1258 A.D., lasting for more than 500 years. 750 CE: The Umayyad Dynasty was defeated by the Abbasid Revolution, marking the beginning of the Abbasid Caliphate. It was not until the Umayyad Dynasty from 661 to 750that Islamic and Arabic culture began to truly spread. -Descendant of caliph Abu Bakr overthrew the last Umayyad ruler and started a new dynasty (Abu al-abbas) -Parts of the umayyad empire began to break away. Who is Lil Boosie daughter?Iviona HatchToriana HatchLyric Beyonce HatchTarlaysia Hatch. Direct link to Joanna :)'s post what factors made Baghdad, Posted 3 years ago. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. The Abbasids changed this by building Baghdad at the center of the Silk Road. Muslim Society In 14Th Century India. Despite this, the Abbasids hunted and killed them, desecrated the tombs of hated Umayyad rulers (notably sparing the tomb of the pious Umar II), and gained support for their movement. The caliphate imposed Islamic laws, taxed non-Muslims through the exclusive jizya tax, and promoted the Islamic faith throughout its territories and beyond. Crime and Punishment in Industrial Britain, Advantages of North and South in Civil War, African Americans in the Revolutionary War, Civil War Military Strategies of North and South, Environmental Effects of The Columbian Exchange, Native Americans in the Revolutionary War. Art portraying Abu al-'Abbas as-Saffah, proclaimed the Abbasid Caliphate's first caliph. In technology, the Abbasids adopted papermaking from China. So to sum it up, the Abbasid Empire fell down due to these reasons: The Islamic Golden Age was a period of cultural, economic, and scientific flourishing in the history of Islam, traditionally dated from the 8th century to the 14th century. Soon after, in 1258, the dynasty fell during a Mongol siege of Baghdad. Have all your study materials in one place. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Navigation was another field of specialty of Muslims of the Abbasid Caliphate. Twit. StudySmarter is commited to creating, free, high quality explainations, opening education to all. Modern historians regard Al-Mansur as the real founder of the Abbasid Caliphate, one of the largest polities in world history, for his role in stabilizing and institutionalizing the dynasty. The Chinese had guarded paper making as a secret, but when the Tang lost the battle, the Abbasids captured knowledgeable paper makers as prisoners of war, forcing them to reproduce their craft. This factory was then moved to Baghdad, where books and literature flourished. The Abbasid Caliphate gradually lost power over the course of its reign, ceding territories to growing powers such as the Seljuk Turks and Ghaznavid Empire. 751 CE: The Abbasid Caliphate emerged victorious in the Battle of Talas against the Chinese Tang Dynasty. True, the Islamic world is given due credit for its technological advancements, rich culture, and intriguing history of politics, but many still ignore the history behind these buzz words; the history of the Abbasid Dynasty. Here is a list of the 8 main achievements realized under the Abbasid Caliphate. They created a great and brilliant civilization. The palace of the Caliph stood in the midst of a vast park several hours in circumference, which beside a menagerie and aviary comprised an enclosure for wild animals reserved for the chase. But Islamic scholars did not limit themselves to the translation of foreign documents. He burned its colleges and libraries, including the Grand Library of Baghdad. The culture flourished as Arabic art and architecture reached new heights. Though lacking in political power, the dynasty continued to claim authority in religious matters until after the Ottoman conquest of Egypt in 1517. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. What was the Abbasid empire known for and where was its capital? Direct link to David Alexander's post Like America, algebra had, Posted 4 years ago. ThoughtCo. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. How were Abbasids different from umayyads? While the Abbasids themselves were descendants of the Arab clans of Mecca, their policies were careful to give importance to converts from other ethnicities and religious minorities. At its height, Baghdad counted more than 1.5 million inhabitants. Islams achievements during its nearly five-centuries- long Golden Age (c. 786 CE1258 CE) have been a source of considerable pride among Muslims worldwide. what factors made Baghdad center for intellectual activity? So to sum it up, the Abbasid Empire fell down due to these reasons: Power struggles, and an unorganized method for succession. Will Xbox Series X ever be in stock again? What are 2 Major achievements of the Abbasid empire? The Umayyad Caliphate: The Largest Islamic State. Advancements in glassmaking, textile production, and natural power through windmills serve as practical technological advancements within the Abbasid Caliphate. Discover the incredible history of the Abbasid Caliphate, one of the most significant and influential Islamic empires in the world. With the move of the Abbasid's capital from Damascus to Baghdad, the Abbasid Caliphate centralized its role among its Arab and non-Arab citizens. Soon, the black flag of the Abbasid Dynasty was waving above embassies and political processions in East Africa and China and above Islamic armies assailing the Byzantine Empire in the west. They developed algebra, created astronomical instruments, and made advances in medicine. Arabic poetry and literature reached their height during the era of the Abbasid Caliphate. How did the Abbasid empire differ from the Umayyad empire? The beginning of the golden age is in 786, when Harun al-Rashid came to power. Here is a list of the 8 main achievements realized under the Abbasid Caliphate. It is important to note that the Abbasid Caliphate's territories shrunk considerably during its existence; by the beginning of the 13th century, the Abbasid state was about the size of Iraq on the map below. endobj 10 Most Indispensable Books on the Middle East, Biography of Mahmud of Ghazni, First Sultan in History, The Spread of Islam in Asia From 632 to Present, Al-Khwarizmi Was a Pioneer in Algebra, Astronomy, and Math, Ancient Islamic Cities: Villages, Towns, and Capitals of Islam, B.A., History, University of Texas at Austin. EMMY NOMINATIONS 2022: Outstanding Limited Or Anthology Series, EMMY NOMINATIONS 2022: Outstanding Lead Actress In A Comedy Series, EMMY NOMINATIONS 2022: Outstanding Supporting Actor In A Comedy Series, EMMY NOMINATIONS 2022: Outstanding Lead Actress In A Limited Or Anthology Series Or Movie, EMMY NOMINATIONS 2022: Outstanding Lead Actor In A Limited Or Anthology Series Or Movie. They founded several institutions of learning, including the House of Wisdom in Baghdad, which was a center of intellectual activity. Abstract. The promotion of inclusivity contributed greatly to internal peace and stability. The Abbasid caliphs established the city of Baghdad in 762 CE. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. Contribute to chinapedia/wikipedia.en development by creating an account on GitHub. Isabella and Ferdinand in Granada, Fall of the Sassanid Empire: The Arab Conquest of Persia 633-654 CE. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. These same philosophers contributed greatly to other fields, such as medicine, mathematics, physics, and chemistry. True or False: The Abbasid Dynasty could draw blood relation to the Prophet Muhammed, unlike the Umayyad Caliphate. Baghdad was a great commercial center. The latter, after brutally suppressing potential opposition, quickly built a state that remained a major powerhouse in the Middle East for centuries to come. Did Muslims create math? This library, known as the Baghdad House of Wisdom, continued to be developed and enriched with books and scholarly works until the late 9th century. Who wrote the music and lyrics for Kinky Boots? Over 10 million students from across the world are already learning smarter. 2022 - 2023 Times Mojo - All Rights Reserved were a critical period in Chinese history---they saw the birth and development of the new Chinese empire and its earliest expansion and acquisition of frontier territories. Abbasid. What does it mean that the Bible was divinely inspired? It became a center of learning and the hub of what is known as the Golden Age of Islam. In that regard, it is worth noting that bureaucracy was given to Persians, who got their inspiration from the Sassanid Empire, to remodel the governance of the Islamic Empire. The Abbasid Caliphate emerged from the collapse of the Umayyad Dynasty in 750. ]eTAdTlZ4w;g_^4%"XqK"8 The eastward orientation of the dynasty was demonstrated by al-Manr 's removal of the capital to Baghdad in 762-763 and by the later caliphs' policy of marrying non- Arabs and recruiting Turks . Thus, he is sometimes considered the true founder of the Abbasid dynasty. Direct link to Maddieha8's post How did the question of l, Posted 3 years ago. He is also known for his approach to experimentation. The construction started in the summer of 762 and lasted five years. The Abbasid Caliphs were patrons of several scientists that contributed greatly to technology, mathematics, chemistry, and physics. Between 750 and 833 the Abbasids raised the prestige and power of the empire, promoting commerce, industry, arts, and science, particularly during the reigns of al-Manr, Hrn al-Rashd, and al-Mamn. The caliphs of this era were great patrons of science, art, and literature. The Persian Abbasids, who overthrew the Arab Umayyad, were a Sunni dynasty that relied on Shia support to establish their empire. Aswath Damodaran, finance professor at NYU, assesses Adani Enterprises in light of Get FAIR Magazine delivered directly to your place. There were several. 751 Battle of Talas ( Tang -Abbasid war; followed by amiable diplomatic relations). Thus, Baghdad became a major trade center that attracted merchants from as far as Western Europe, China, and the African Horn. Direct link to natbry01's post what made Baghdad center , Posted 2 years ago. The Abbasid Caliphate was a major hub of trade and commerce. The social content brewed by Umayyad policies opened the doors for political upheaval. In the year 750, the Abbasid Clan, led by Abu-Al-Abbass A-Saffah, aided by the Hashimiyya Movement and Shia Muslims, brutally overthrew the Umayyad Caliphate. What were the achievements of the Abbasid Dynasty? How Did the Abbasids Come to Power? The Abbasid Caliphate Created an Inclusive Society Historical map of the Abbasid Caliphate in 790, via insidearabia.com Non-Arab populations were among the main supporters of the Abbasid Dynasty. In 1171 the last caliph died. Where did the Abbasids get their technology from? -Umayyad rulers became corrupt and had alienated non-Arabs. 5 When did the Abbasid dynasty start and end? How did Islam continue to expand in the region? What were the achievements of the Abbasid dynasties? This central position allowed the new caliphate to attract merchants from China, the Frankish Lands, the Byzantine Empire, India, and Ethiopia. Lerne mit deinen Freunden und bleibe auf dem richtigen Kurs mit deinen persnlichen Lernstatistiken. Your email address will not be published. Christians, Jews, and other practices were also subjugated. It was the focal point of all Islamic political and cultural life. They knew that strict religious laws often sparked discontent and revolution. What was the main problem faced by the Abbasid empire? Nie wieder prokastinieren mit unseren Lernerinnerungen. The Abbasids were a powerful clan that had been loyal to the Prophet Muhammad and his cousin and son-in-law, Ali ibn Abi Talib. The threat of the Ghaznavid Empire and Seljuk Turks proved too much to bear. Immense streets, none less than forty cubits wide, traversed the city from one end to the other, dividing it into blocks or quarters, each under the control of an overseer or supervisor, who looked after the cleanliness, sanitation and the comfort of the inhabitants. <> The Buyids, Seljuks, and other dynasties gained power in Baghdad and used the caliphs for legitimacy, but they ruled the empire themselves. The development of the library stopped in the times of Caliph Al-Mutawakkil in the late 9th century, when more rigorous religious movements started replacing the progressive Mutazilites, who had deeply sponsored this scientific and cultural growth. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). It was in this spirit that the capital was moved from Damascus in Syria to Baghdad in Iraq in 762. Invasions (alot of them). This was the result of several factors, mainly civil wars, the Zanj and Qarmatian revolts, political interference by the Turkish and Daylamite soldiers, military iqta and the activity of the ayyarun. One is the Umayyad dynasty, which ruled from 661 to 750 and whose monuments are datable from 680 to 745. Image credit: Caliphs like al-Rashid and al-Mamun directly encouraged a, Why were the Abbasids so interested in a massive translation undertaking? During the time of the Abbasids, the caliph was usually the son (or other closest male . The second dynasty is the Abbasid dynasty; technically its rule extended as late as 1258, but in reality its princes ceased to be a significant cultural . This is where we come to the Abbasids decline. Sign up to highlight and take notes. The 13th century Mongol Invasion of Hulagu Khan ended the caliphate's reign in 1258. Direct link to David Alexander's post Government, money and cul, Posted 2 years ago. A map of the extent of the Abbasid Dynasty from 750 to 1258. Who did the Abbasid Caliphate defeat in the 751 Battle of Talas? What did the Abbasid Empire create? 756 - 788 The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. Al Mansur died while on a pilgrimage to Mecca and is buried outside the city. He was one of the most celebrated companions of the Prophet. The Abbasid caliphs established the city of Baghdad in 762 CE. How do I find a distance as the crow flies? Umayyad dynasty, also spelled Omayyad, the first great Muslim dynasty to rule the empire of the caliphate (661-750 ce), sometimes referred to as the Arab kingdom (reflecting traditional Muslim disapproval of the secular nature of the Umayyad state). when. Source: Wikimedia Commons. They both visited and received Emperor Charlemagne in the early 9th century. Free and expert-verified textbook solutions. The Caliph was in Baghdad. Abbasid caliphate in the fourth/tenth century suffered from a sharp economic decline. Despite this, the Abbasid Dynasty was tolerant of non-Muslim people, allowing them to travel, study, and live within their borders. Islam by the first caliph, Ab Bakr (632634), made it possible to channel the expansion of the Arab. Non-Arabs were treated as second-class citizens regardless of whether or not they converted to Islam, and this discontent cutting across faiths and ethnicities ultimately led to the Umayyads overthrow. Al Mansur was firmly involved in the rebellion and played an important role in eliminating the remains of Umayyad resistance. Trade grew, cities flourished. Moreover, this library covered fields such as philosophy, medicine, mathematics, astronomy, and so on. 1258 CE: Baghdad's Siege, marking the Abbasid Caliphate's end. A dynasty that ruled much of the Muslim Empire from 750 to about 1250.The Abbasid dynasty controlled the Muslim caliphate from 750 to 1258. How much does dehydration affect blood pressure? Identify your study strength and weaknesses. In turn, Europeans eventually learned these papermaking and producing skills from Arabs. The power of the army officers had already weakened through internal rivalries when the Iranian Byids entered Baghdad in 945, demanding of al-Mustakf (944946) that they be recognized as the sole rulers of the territory they controlled. What was the capital of the Abbasid dynasty? Moreover, the Caliphs court was open to all the Muslim ethnicities that composed the empire. In Baghdad, colleges and observatories arose within its walls. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. He declared himself the new caliph and established the Abbasid Caliphate in the newly built city of Baghdad. >> How do I set the timer to take a photo on my iPhone? Stop procrastinating with our smart planner features. We don't publish articles that overlap substantially with articles published elsewhere.Note for the Contributors. 5 0 obj You are here: Home How What were the achievements of the Abbasid dynasties? The decline of the Abbasid Caliphate began in the 10th century when the Buyid dynasty, a Shia Muslim Persian dynasty, gained power in Baghdad. Though territory and power were lost to various competing dynasties from the late 10th century, there . Gunpowder was also an element brought from China, and scholars from the Abbasid era managed to develop the first formulas for explosions. A map of the city of Baghdad. The map below represents the territorial boundaries of the Abbasid Caliphate in the mid-9th century. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); All manuscripts should be submitted as a Word document to kutnitifair@gmail.com. If you're behind a web filter, please make sure that the domains *.kastatic.org and *.kasandbox.org are unblocked. Create and find flashcards in record time. The city spawned colleges, observatories, and a host of incredible inventions that permeated throughout the world. The Abbasid Empire was a time of finding ways to make the Islam society better. Britains Information Research Department: Is it Secret Propaganda? Required fields are marked *. /Outlines 51 0 R AoE4 sees the addition of the Abbasid Dynasty to the franchise, with this build order guide you can maximize their economic wing. , or is essentially during the Abbasid dynasty and it ends with the Mongol invasion . Non-Arab populations were among the main supporters of the Abbasid Dynasty. endobj Fcr(. Description. Like America, algebra had always been there. Consider Athens in Greek Civilization, Rome in Roman, St Petersburg in Russian and the Boston-Washington corridor in American civilization. People in Baghdad made and exported silk, glass, tiles, and paper. This led to a decline in the power and influence of the Caliphate. Your email address will not be published. How did the Islamic Golden Age contribute to cultural diffusion? The five centuries of Abbasid rule were the time when great works of fiction such as One Thousand and One Nights (also known in English as Arabian Nights). How to unlock the A Golden Age achievement. One way the Abbasid dynasty was able to spread written knowledge so quickly was their improvements on printing technology they had obtained from the Chinese; some historians believe this technology was taken after the Battle of Talas between the Abbasid Caliphate and the Tang Dynasty in 751. What were 5 achievements of the Islamic Golden Age? The last four caliphs were no more than a local Egyptian dynasty, without power, influence, or hope. This led to resentment among the Abbasids and their supporters. What were the technological advancements of the Song Dynasty? You can find their names in this article: Is there any other reason behind the fall of the Abbasid empire without the Mongol empire? 4 0 obj With time, these inclusive policies were spread to non-Muslims, and many Christians, Jews, and Zoroastrians rose to high positions in politics and commerce. Though he was actually the second Abbasid caliph, he succeeded his brother only five years after the overthrow of the Umayyads, and the bulk of the work was in his hands. This was due to several factors, including corruption, excessive spending, and declining trade. -helped fund cultural achievements. How do I change the custom icons on my iPhone? Come the 11th century. He also made arrangements for succession to the caliphate, and every Abbasid caliph was directly descended from al Mansur. What were the 2 main problems why the Abbasid dynasty failed? Why did the Abbasid Dynasty encourage, but not force, non-Muslims to convert to Islam? These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. The Dome was built in 780, while the mosque was completed in 715. Listed are some of these advances:Mathematics,Medicine,Chemistry,Optics,Astronomy,Architecture ,Paper making, and Irrigation. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. 6 0 obj Tenth-century historian Yakut al-Hamawi, from, Abbasid Caliphs Harun al-Rashid and his son, al-Mamun, who followed him, established a. "Abu Ja'far al Mansur." The Abbasid Caliphate was a great patron of science. The culture flourished as Arabic art and architecture reached new heights. Muslim conquests following Prophet Muhammads death led to the creation of the caliphates, occupying a vast geographical area; conversion to Islam was boosted by Arab Muslim forces conquering vast territories and built imperial structures over time. From the 7th century to the 11th century, the Arabic people waged war with the Byzantine Empire. It's not about geography, but about power. The Fatimid dynasty broke from the Abbasids in 909 CE and created separate lines of caliphs in Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Egypt, and Palestine until 1171 CE. What helped unite the Islamic Empire as it spread under the Abbasid Dynasty? Art depicting the 1258 Siege of Baghdad. This, in turn, led to an increase in production, which further contributed to the empires food security, prosperity, and stability. Under the Abbasids the caliphate entered a new phase. The central location and lively trade culture of the city made a lively exchange of ideas possible as well. By the time of Al-Mamuns reign in the early 9th century, the Abbasid Caliphate was one of the worlds richest and most developed empires. This marked the end of the Abbasid Dynasty. The history of the spread of Islam spans about 1,400 years. The first two centuries of the Abbasid Caliphate are regarded as the golden age of Islamic civilization. Schools of higher education and libraries were built throughout the empire. In Egypt, North Africa, Spain, and elsewhere, local dynasties claimed caliphal status. By the 14th century, most of their treatises were translated into European languages.
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abbasid dynasty achievements